TedTest

From the Ted Talk by Ann Curry: How to restore trust in Journalism

Unscramble the Blue Letters

Who can we trust to tell us the truth? Once in another tumultuous era, as the Vietnam War, Watergate, the Civil Rights and Women's Liberation Movements were challenging aemcira to its core, my dad and I would watch Walter ctnoirke, a man he trusted to tell us what was happening. Dad, a politically conservative career military man, ceard a lot about this country and was dieretmned to make sure he was well informed. He listened to the radio every mnrniog, read the paper every afternoon, and watched the news on TV every evening before sitting down to dinner, or at some point, he would almost always launch a datebe about what was hpnapineg in the world. He'd pound the tblae and say something like "Don't those Vietnam war protesters know it's my country, right or wrong?" And I'd react with something like "But, Dad, don't they have a point? I mean, what are we doing in Vietnam?" And he'd puff up and get red in the face and respond with something like "I can't believe I'm hearing those words out of the mouth of my own daughter." (Laughter) Our arguments could get so loud, my berotrhs and sisters would sometimes pick up their plates to eat somewhere else. Dad really liked to win these arguments. But even when he didn't, he'd rpesect my opinion. Sometimes, he would even say, "Ann, I don't always agree with you, but I'd still vote for you for President." (Laughter) (Applause) There were times, however, usually when Walter was off and someone else was substituting, when Dad would hear something on the eevnnig news that would alarm him far more than the stories of the day. All it would take was one phrase, a changed tone of voice, a rasied eyebrow, or even just a single word that struck Dad as ontnpiaoied, and he was offended. Suddenly, he was shiakng his fenigr at the television set, shouting, "Stop telling me what to think! Just give me the facts!" And then he would look over at me and say, "See, Ann? He's disrespecting us, trying to tell us what to think as if we were stupid and can't make up our own minds." Boy, if my dad could see what counts for some of TV journalism today. (Laughter) (Applause) He would want to be right up here with me, sntanidg right next to me, suggesting an idea that might be worth sandripeg. Journalism is only trustworthy when it dependably offers accurate, verifiable facts, not bias and speculation, and not for ratings, circulation or clicks (Applause) or for any financial or political motivation, but with one motive and one motive only: to reveal the truth for the greater public good. The bridge to trust is truth, and it's time to make things right. (Applause) (Cheers) What do we define as truth? Well, lately I've wndoreed if we've all gotten a little confused about what truth is and what it isn't. People ask, "Whose truth?" uncertain if objective, abosltue truth even esxits, thinking, as some philosophers have argued, that as it reurieqs human judgment, truth is ultimately subjective. As others see it, rpteerros can't be fair and uiasenbd, because being humans, of course they have opinions and so should at least tell us what those onniiops are. Other people, who've noticed objective facts now seem less influential than emotion and personal bilfees in shaping pbiluc opinion, have gone so far as to say we live in a post-truth era. To all this, my dad would say, "Balderdash!" (Laughter) He was a Navy man who didn't like to sewar - go furige. I, however, don't seem to have that problem. (Laughter) (Applause) So maybe I should just call it what it is: FUBAR - Fucked Up Beyond All Recognition. (Applause) (Cheers) I appreciate philosophers, but not being one, I can't settle the "Is truth subjective or obvjitece?" debate. Though it does seem to be an objective, vilirfeabe fact that I'm standing on this sgtae and that I'm a little nervous, worried that I may have overdressed, and I'm wishing that I wore more comfortable shoes. (Laughter) There is actually compelling evciedne that humans can be fair and impartial, not just from the aiecnnt biblical story of Solomon, but from the known science, which tell us that fairness along with empathy are fundamental human tratis, deeply rooted in our genetics. If it wasn't for these traits, we might not even be able to live amongst each other. And as a reporter, I know you can get in so deep, listening to and documenting all sides of the story, searching for the ttruh, that you don't even know what your own opinion is. I know because I've done it. And because we as a species cannot live long, cannot long endure without objective facts, unelaborated and unvarnished, it can be argued they still and will always matter. We need truth. Perhaps especially from journalism, which, when practiced well, can help us see each other and ourselves more honestly, tell us what we need to know to be srtemar citizens, show us how to live healthier and more connected lives, and even warn us when we need to keep ourselves and our loved ones safe from dneagr. Post-truth? Really? We do seem to be experiencing a loss of credibility, a demise in the face of a rising tide of lies, in our ability to trsut what we're told are objective facts are either objective or facts. Where does the information that's sowing this distrust and cifnsuoon come from? And what is it doing to us and the quality of our relationships with each other? Instead of a waletr Cronkite today, i.e., someone who a significant number of people trust, we are exposed to an overwhelming number of sources of information on multiple platforms, wonirkg around the clock to get our attention, some motivated to purposely manipulate us with lies and propaganda, some ienpt, shelling out incomplete, misleading or poorly-sourced information and some doing exemplary reporting but still doubted almost as much for any mistakes or perceived bias. The net impact of all of this is a chaotic overload of competing, conflicting and confusing information. And while our brains are truly excellent at cotcllieng data, we're not always so great at remembering where we got it. So what we learn from a trusted source can easily get jumbled up in our brains with what we read on a wbetsie, saw in a tweet or a video posted on foecboak or heard from a pundit speculating on cable television. If you ever saw the David Bowie moive "The Man Who Fell to Earth" - I sometimes feel we're all in that scene in which he's watching a huge wall of TV miootrns, each one tuned to a different channel, and suddenly, he can't take it anomrye, and he starts yelling, "Get out of my mind, all of you!" Bet you didn't expect a David Bowie reference tdoay. (Laughter) Perhaps never before have so many consumed so much news and yet have been so wlloufey misinformed. When, in this swirling chaos, can we be certain the information we need or want to know is accurate? The ineentrt is an abyss as well as a wonderland. It mirrors the daerkst dark in us and the brightest light of humanity and all there is in between. And because of it, no matter what comes next in jnsairolum, there now seems no doubt that you and me and every one of us must become a better editor. So here, from one journalist's playbook, are some tried and true strategies that might up your game. Focus on defense and develop a silkl for ltinnseig to both sedis of a story even if it pnias you. Realize - (Applause) Realize virtually every source wants a story told as he or she sees it. That means even seemingly good, honest people can tell you just the facts that support their point of view, sometimes leaving out key dateils. They might even distort the facts, purposely mrdiecsit you or even out-and-out lie. Ask yourself, "What's the motivating force for this source to tell the story?" And could that motivation be influencing the story that you're getting? Then ask, "Is this scoure in a position, having been an eeiwyentss or having some expertise, to even know what is true?" Or is he or she wasting your time with speculation? And because even eyewitnesses and experts can get it wrong, you have to seek out securos from other points of view and then critically examine their motivations and credibility as well. Rarely is the truth one-sided; it tends to be nenaucd. (Applause) And it's not always fair. But you may never find it unless you search fairly, with a mind that is truly open. And then, even if you think you have a balanced view of the story, you have to reexamine the facts and motivations and reputations of your sources one more time to make sure you weren't plaeyd or manipulated. And if your sources are aonyumons, you better check and double check again. It is enuihtxasg, but after this Sherlock Holmes-ing, you usually get the facts that people need to know to make up their own minds. This is Journalism 101, how we're trained in journalism schools to work in defense of truth. Why are even long-trusted news organizations that know how to gehtar the facts vulnerable to acatkts on their credibility? Journalism tends to be vaurnlbele because of the enormous pewor of credible information. When we believe the same story, we can find a common purpose and work together. This is what has made humans an unstoppable force throughout our history. The historian Yuval Harari suggests this is why we are the only human species to survive when once there were at least six and why we've risen from the mddile of the animal kingdom, once hdluded around fires in fear of being eaten, to now the top, having the power to decide what species live or die, and how we ourselves will evolve from here. This power to move people is why everyone wants to control the narrative, why truth is fought over and is the vticim, usually the first victim, especially in war. It's why journalists, as mseneegsrs of truth, are psyhlliacy attacked in some parts of the wrlod and even killed. At the same time, unfortunately, journalism is not like mathematics, in which two plus two is always four. Journalism is by humans, about humans and for humans and so is inherently as flbialle as humans and as vulnerable to csiicritm. Add to that, the job is to ask prying questions, to push past the norms of good manners for honest asewnrs, and then to race to report stories that can be controversial, embarrassing or infuriating. If you want to be popular, don't be a journalist. (Laughter) Of course, it doesn't help journalism's credibility when it's under constant aatctk by political leeadrs in the United States and around the world. (Applause) It doesn't help that erngimeg teoicneghols have eliminated or diminished hundreds of local newspapers around the country and have failed, so far, to replace them with anything close to the same quality and range of credible reporting. (Applause) But perhaps what is making journalism most vulnerable is that in this irnustdy shift, some mdiea executives, struggling to keep making money for their corporate owners, are pressuring journalists to make choices that weaken their credibility. The prssruee for profits is one reason we have witnessed the stunning growth of openly biased news ceovgare, especially on cable television, where not everyone who is tinellg us the news is actually a journalist. Some are advocates with political agendas, some are activists, some are former political operatives, and some are what were once called "opinionaters," plepoe whose profession is to give their opinions and teierhos. So now I'm the one yelling at the television set: "Just give me the facts! Stop trying to tell us what to think!" (Applause) Opinion, thoughtful and supported with fatcs, has an important pcale in journalism, but it is not news. Thus, anlwolig viewers to think it's news, to fail to differentiate it, is falmlatenundy dishonest. News is not left or right; it's based on facts that are either right or wrong. (Applause) And for the reorcd, ranting from any point of view is not journalism. Besides, it has serious side effects: it makes you look a little nuts. (lagthuer) In the quest for profits, corporate owners are pncuhnig holes through the long-standing wall protecting journalists from corporate meddling. In some companies, the wall is crumbling. I have heard a request from ctoparore executives to kill a news story. I have seen a media company's advertising side try to get ptrocuds placed in a news broadcast. In some companies, the wall aaeprps to be collapsing. Recently, the nation's lagesrt broadcaster, Sinclair Broadcasting Group, which owns and oretepas more than 190 stations, engaged in corporate manipulation when it required dozens of anchors to read a script the company had provided. The push for profits is also pressuring journalists to muddy their judgment with worries about reaching clicks, ratings and circulation goals. This can affect the decisions they make about what stories to cover, what interviews to do and how hndeelais and teasers should be wtiertn. The public is not stupid. It can sense these motives in the work and the hype. It knows the truth is in trouble. How do we make things right and defend our access to aatrcuce, verifiable reporting, which according to our nation's Founding Fathers, our democracy needs to survive? We need a renaissance in journalism. (Applause) And it is actually possible that it is already beginning. We can see some of our nation's newspapers and magazines, in spite of everything, leading a rebirth, doubling down on serious, competitive and groundbreaking shoe-leather journalism, working to tell all the nuances of the stories they're coriveng, including both domestic and foreign. Our citizens are awkianeng to the rnsaoes journalism is vital in a democracy. They're reminded by the movies "Spotlight" and "The Post," and they're increasingly demanding and supporting quality work, and in some cases, they are even diantong to the Committee to Protect Journalists. And journalists can be seen increasingly standing up to corporate puesrsres, including at the Denver Post and at Sinclair TV stations. They're also pushing across platforms to do smarter and more iutcfmpal reporting and blnceaad stories. And in some nsowmeros, editors are reviving investigative reporting. (aspapule) Credibility lost is never fully regained. But what survives can be protected, and new bridges can be built by the journalists still to come. For that to happen, for news organizations to better endure attacks on their credibility, jrliuntaoss must be able to work with one motive: the public good. Corporate owners and executives must know how to stay in their lane and out of influencing what and how soriets are covered. Investors and advertisers will need to stop pressuring journalists to be their pot of gold and do what's right for this country: fund elexcnecle and get out of the way. eridots and executive producers will have to fgiht harder against the blurring between opinion and news until all the stories we need to know, not just the ones or the one that might increase ratings and cklics. (Applause) Technologists should realize they are not journalists; they are platform cortraes and owners

Open Cloze

Who can we trust to tell us the truth? Once in another tumultuous era, as the Vietnam War, Watergate, the Civil Rights and Women's Liberation Movements were challenging _______ to its core, my dad and I would watch Walter ________, a man he trusted to tell us what was happening. Dad, a politically conservative career military man, _____ a lot about this country and was __________ to make sure he was well informed. He listened to the radio every _______, read the paper every afternoon, and watched the news on TV every evening before sitting down to dinner, or at some point, he would almost always launch a ______ about what was _________ in the world. He'd pound the _____ and say something like "Don't those Vietnam war protesters know it's my country, right or wrong?" And I'd react with something like "But, Dad, don't they have a point? I mean, what are we doing in Vietnam?" And he'd puff up and get red in the face and respond with something like "I can't believe I'm hearing those words out of the mouth of my own daughter." (Laughter) Our arguments could get so loud, my ________ and sisters would sometimes pick up their plates to eat somewhere else. Dad really liked to win these arguments. But even when he didn't, he'd _______ my opinion. Sometimes, he would even say, "Ann, I don't always agree with you, but I'd still vote for you for President." (Laughter) (Applause) There were times, however, usually when Walter was off and someone else was substituting, when Dad would hear something on the _______ news that would alarm him far more than the stories of the day. All it would take was one phrase, a changed tone of voice, a ______ eyebrow, or even just a single word that struck Dad as ___________, and he was offended. Suddenly, he was _______ his ______ at the television set, shouting, "Stop telling me what to think! Just give me the facts!" And then he would look over at me and say, "See, Ann? He's disrespecting us, trying to tell us what to think as if we were stupid and can't make up our own minds." Boy, if my dad could see what counts for some of TV journalism today. (Laughter) (Applause) He would want to be right up here with me, ________ right next to me, suggesting an idea that might be worth _________. Journalism is only trustworthy when it dependably offers accurate, verifiable facts, not bias and speculation, and not for ratings, circulation or clicks (Applause) or for any financial or political motivation, but with one motive and one motive only: to reveal the truth for the greater public good. The bridge to trust is truth, and it's time to make things right. (Applause) (Cheers) What do we define as truth? Well, lately I've ________ if we've all gotten a little confused about what truth is and what it isn't. People ask, "Whose truth?" uncertain if objective, ________ truth even ______, thinking, as some philosophers have argued, that as it ________ human judgment, truth is ultimately subjective. As others see it, _________ can't be fair and ________, because being humans, of course they have opinions and so should at least tell us what those ________ are. Other people, who've noticed objective facts now seem less influential than emotion and personal _______ in shaping ______ opinion, have gone so far as to say we live in a post-truth era. To all this, my dad would say, "Balderdash!" (Laughter) He was a Navy man who didn't like to _____ - go ______. I, however, don't seem to have that problem. (Laughter) (Applause) So maybe I should just call it what it is: FUBAR - Fucked Up Beyond All Recognition. (Applause) (Cheers) I appreciate philosophers, but not being one, I can't settle the "Is truth subjective or _________?" debate. Though it does seem to be an objective, __________ fact that I'm standing on this _____ and that I'm a little nervous, worried that I may have overdressed, and I'm wishing that I wore more comfortable shoes. (Laughter) There is actually compelling ________ that humans can be fair and impartial, not just from the _______ biblical story of Solomon, but from the known science, which tell us that fairness along with empathy are fundamental human ______, deeply rooted in our genetics. If it wasn't for these traits, we might not even be able to live amongst each other. And as a reporter, I know you can get in so deep, listening to and documenting all sides of the story, searching for the _____, that you don't even know what your own opinion is. I know because I've done it. And because we as a species cannot live long, cannot long endure without objective facts, unelaborated and unvarnished, it can be argued they still and will always matter. We need truth. Perhaps especially from journalism, which, when practiced well, can help us see each other and ourselves more honestly, tell us what we need to know to be _______ citizens, show us how to live healthier and more connected lives, and even warn us when we need to keep ourselves and our loved ones safe from ______. Post-truth? Really? We do seem to be experiencing a loss of credibility, a demise in the face of a rising tide of lies, in our ability to _____ what we're told are objective facts are either objective or facts. Where does the information that's sowing this distrust and _________ come from? And what is it doing to us and the quality of our relationships with each other? Instead of a ______ Cronkite today, i.e., someone who a significant number of people trust, we are exposed to an overwhelming number of sources of information on multiple platforms, _______ around the clock to get our attention, some motivated to purposely manipulate us with lies and propaganda, some _____, shelling out incomplete, misleading or poorly-sourced information and some doing exemplary reporting but still doubted almost as much for any mistakes or perceived bias. The net impact of all of this is a chaotic overload of competing, conflicting and confusing information. And while our brains are truly excellent at __________ data, we're not always so great at remembering where we got it. So what we learn from a trusted source can easily get jumbled up in our brains with what we read on a _______, saw in a tweet or a video posted on ________ or heard from a pundit speculating on cable television. If you ever saw the David Bowie _____ "The Man Who Fell to Earth" - I sometimes feel we're all in that scene in which he's watching a huge wall of TV ________, each one tuned to a different channel, and suddenly, he can't take it _______, and he starts yelling, "Get out of my mind, all of you!" Bet you didn't expect a David Bowie reference _____. (Laughter) Perhaps never before have so many consumed so much news and yet have been so ________ misinformed. When, in this swirling chaos, can we be certain the information we need or want to know is accurate? The ________ is an abyss as well as a wonderland. It mirrors the _______ dark in us and the brightest light of humanity and all there is in between. And because of it, no matter what comes next in __________, there now seems no doubt that you and me and every one of us must become a better editor. So here, from one journalist's playbook, are some tried and true strategies that might up your game. Focus on defense and develop a _____ for _________ to both _____ of a story even if it _____ you. Realize - (Applause) Realize virtually every source wants a story told as he or she sees it. That means even seemingly good, honest people can tell you just the facts that support their point of view, sometimes leaving out key _______. They might even distort the facts, purposely _________ you or even out-and-out lie. Ask yourself, "What's the motivating force for this source to tell the story?" And could that motivation be influencing the story that you're getting? Then ask, "Is this ______ in a position, having been an __________ or having some expertise, to even know what is true?" Or is he or she wasting your time with speculation? And because even eyewitnesses and experts can get it wrong, you have to seek out _______ from other points of view and then critically examine their motivations and credibility as well. Rarely is the truth one-sided; it tends to be _______. (Applause) And it's not always fair. But you may never find it unless you search fairly, with a mind that is truly open. And then, even if you think you have a balanced view of the story, you have to reexamine the facts and motivations and reputations of your sources one more time to make sure you weren't ______ or manipulated. And if your sources are _________, you better check and double check again. It is __________, but after this Sherlock Holmes-ing, you usually get the facts that people need to know to make up their own minds. This is Journalism 101, how we're trained in journalism schools to work in defense of truth. Why are even long-trusted news organizations that know how to ______ the facts vulnerable to _______ on their credibility? Journalism tends to be __________ because of the enormous _____ of credible information. When we believe the same story, we can find a common purpose and work together. This is what has made humans an unstoppable force throughout our history. The historian Yuval Harari suggests this is why we are the only human species to survive when once there were at least six and why we've risen from the ______ of the animal kingdom, once _______ around fires in fear of being eaten, to now the top, having the power to decide what species live or die, and how we ourselves will evolve from here. This power to move people is why everyone wants to control the narrative, why truth is fought over and is the ______, usually the first victim, especially in war. It's why journalists, as __________ of truth, are __________ attacked in some parts of the _____ and even killed. At the same time, unfortunately, journalism is not like mathematics, in which two plus two is always four. Journalism is by humans, about humans and for humans and so is inherently as ________ as humans and as vulnerable to _________. Add to that, the job is to ask prying questions, to push past the norms of good manners for honest _______, and then to race to report stories that can be controversial, embarrassing or infuriating. If you want to be popular, don't be a journalist. (Laughter) Of course, it doesn't help journalism's credibility when it's under constant ______ by political _______ in the United States and around the world. (Applause) It doesn't help that ________ ____________ have eliminated or diminished hundreds of local newspapers around the country and have failed, so far, to replace them with anything close to the same quality and range of credible reporting. (Applause) But perhaps what is making journalism most vulnerable is that in this ________ shift, some _____ executives, struggling to keep making money for their corporate owners, are pressuring journalists to make choices that weaken their credibility. The ________ for profits is one reason we have witnessed the stunning growth of openly biased news ________, especially on cable television, where not everyone who is _______ us the news is actually a journalist. Some are advocates with political agendas, some are activists, some are former political operatives, and some are what were once called "opinionaters," ______ whose profession is to give their opinions and ________. So now I'm the one yelling at the television set: "Just give me the facts! Stop trying to tell us what to think!" (Applause) Opinion, thoughtful and supported with _____, has an important _____ in journalism, but it is not news. Thus, ________ viewers to think it's news, to fail to differentiate it, is _____________ dishonest. News is not left or right; it's based on facts that are either right or wrong. (Applause) And for the ______, ranting from any point of view is not journalism. Besides, it has serious side effects: it makes you look a little nuts. (________) In the quest for profits, corporate owners are ________ holes through the long-standing wall protecting journalists from corporate meddling. In some companies, the wall is crumbling. I have heard a request from _________ executives to kill a news story. I have seen a media company's advertising side try to get ________ placed in a news broadcast. In some companies, the wall _______ to be collapsing. Recently, the nation's _______ broadcaster, Sinclair Broadcasting Group, which owns and ________ more than 190 stations, engaged in corporate manipulation when it required dozens of anchors to read a script the company had provided. The push for profits is also pressuring journalists to muddy their judgment with worries about reaching clicks, ratings and circulation goals. This can affect the decisions they make about what stories to cover, what interviews to do and how _________ and teasers should be _______. The public is not stupid. It can sense these motives in the work and the hype. It knows the truth is in trouble. How do we make things right and defend our access to ________, verifiable reporting, which according to our nation's Founding Fathers, our democracy needs to survive? We need a renaissance in journalism. (Applause) And it is actually possible that it is already beginning. We can see some of our nation's newspapers and magazines, in spite of everything, leading a rebirth, doubling down on serious, competitive and groundbreaking shoe-leather journalism, working to tell all the nuances of the stories they're ________, including both domestic and foreign. Our citizens are _________ to the _______ journalism is vital in a democracy. They're reminded by the movies "Spotlight" and "The Post," and they're increasingly demanding and supporting quality work, and in some cases, they are even ________ to the Committee to Protect Journalists. And journalists can be seen increasingly standing up to corporate _________, including at the Denver Post and at Sinclair TV stations. They're also pushing across platforms to do smarter and more _________ reporting and ________ stories. And in some _________, editors are reviving investigative reporting. (________) Credibility lost is never fully regained. But what survives can be protected, and new bridges can be built by the journalists still to come. For that to happen, for news organizations to better endure attacks on their credibility, ___________ must be able to work with one motive: the public good. Corporate owners and executives must know how to stay in their lane and out of influencing what and how _______ are covered. Investors and advertisers will need to stop pressuring journalists to be their pot of gold and do what's right for this country: fund __________ and get out of the way. _______ and executive producers will have to _____ harder against the blurring between opinion and news until all the stories we need to know, not just the ones or the one that might increase ratings and ______. (Applause) Technologists should realize they are not journalists; they are platform ________ and owners

Solution

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laughter
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physically
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people
eyewitness
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truth
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evening
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coverage
reporters
absolute
applause
largest
skill

Original Text

Who can we trust to tell us the truth? Once in another tumultuous era, as the Vietnam War, Watergate, the Civil Rights and Women's Liberation Movements were challenging America to its core, my dad and I would watch Walter Cronkite, a man he trusted to tell us what was happening. Dad, a politically conservative career military man, cared a lot about this country and was determined to make sure he was well informed. He listened to the radio every morning, read the paper every afternoon, and watched the news on TV every evening before sitting down to dinner, or at some point, he would almost always launch a debate about what was happening in the world. He'd pound the table and say something like "Don't those Vietnam war protesters know it's my country, right or wrong?" And I'd react with something like "But, Dad, don't they have a point? I mean, what are we doing in Vietnam?" And he'd puff up and get red in the face and respond with something like "I can't believe I'm hearing those words out of the mouth of my own daughter." (Laughter) Our arguments could get so loud, my brothers and sisters would sometimes pick up their plates to eat somewhere else. Dad really liked to win these arguments. But even when he didn't, he'd respect my opinion. Sometimes, he would even say, "Ann, I don't always agree with you, but I'd still vote for you for President." (Laughter) (Applause) There were times, however, usually when Walter was off and someone else was substituting, when Dad would hear something on the evening news that would alarm him far more than the stories of the day. All it would take was one phrase, a changed tone of voice, a raised eyebrow, or even just a single word that struck Dad as opinionated, and he was offended. Suddenly, he was shaking his finger at the television set, shouting, "Stop telling me what to think! Just give me the facts!" And then he would look over at me and say, "See, Ann? He's disrespecting us, trying to tell us what to think as if we were stupid and can't make up our own minds." Boy, if my dad could see what counts for some of TV journalism today. (Laughter) (Applause) He would want to be right up here with me, standing right next to me, suggesting an idea that might be worth spreading. Journalism is only trustworthy when it dependably offers accurate, verifiable facts, not bias and speculation, and not for ratings, circulation or clicks (Applause) or for any financial or political motivation, but with one motive and one motive only: to reveal the truth for the greater public good. The bridge to trust is truth, and it's time to make things right. (Applause) (Cheers) What do we define as truth? Well, lately I've wondered if we've all gotten a little confused about what truth is and what it isn't. People ask, "Whose truth?" uncertain if objective, absolute truth even exists, thinking, as some philosophers have argued, that as it requires human judgment, truth is ultimately subjective. As others see it, reporters can't be fair and unbiased, because being humans, of course they have opinions and so should at least tell us what those opinions are. Other people, who've noticed objective facts now seem less influential than emotion and personal beliefs in shaping public opinion, have gone so far as to say we live in a post-truth era. To all this, my dad would say, "Balderdash!" (Laughter) He was a Navy man who didn't like to swear - go figure. I, however, don't seem to have that problem. (Laughter) (Applause) So maybe I should just call it what it is: FUBAR - Fucked Up Beyond All Recognition. (Applause) (Cheers) I appreciate philosophers, but not being one, I can't settle the "Is truth subjective or objective?" debate. Though it does seem to be an objective, verifiable fact that I'm standing on this stage and that I'm a little nervous, worried that I may have overdressed, and I'm wishing that I wore more comfortable shoes. (Laughter) There is actually compelling evidence that humans can be fair and impartial, not just from the ancient biblical story of Solomon, but from the known science, which tell us that fairness along with empathy are fundamental human traits, deeply rooted in our genetics. If it wasn't for these traits, we might not even be able to live amongst each other. And as a reporter, I know you can get in so deep, listening to and documenting all sides of the story, searching for the truth, that you don't even know what your own opinion is. I know because I've done it. And because we as a species cannot live long, cannot long endure without objective facts, unelaborated and unvarnished, it can be argued they still and will always matter. We need truth. Perhaps especially from journalism, which, when practiced well, can help us see each other and ourselves more honestly, tell us what we need to know to be smarter citizens, show us how to live healthier and more connected lives, and even warn us when we need to keep ourselves and our loved ones safe from danger. Post-truth? Really? We do seem to be experiencing a loss of credibility, a demise in the face of a rising tide of lies, in our ability to trust what we're told are objective facts are either objective or facts. Where does the information that's sowing this distrust and confusion come from? And what is it doing to us and the quality of our relationships with each other? Instead of a Walter Cronkite today, i.e., someone who a significant number of people trust, we are exposed to an overwhelming number of sources of information on multiple platforms, working around the clock to get our attention, some motivated to purposely manipulate us with lies and propaganda, some inept, shelling out incomplete, misleading or poorly-sourced information and some doing exemplary reporting but still doubted almost as much for any mistakes or perceived bias. The net impact of all of this is a chaotic overload of competing, conflicting and confusing information. And while our brains are truly excellent at collecting data, we're not always so great at remembering where we got it. So what we learn from a trusted source can easily get jumbled up in our brains with what we read on a website, saw in a tweet or a video posted on Facebook or heard from a pundit speculating on cable television. If you ever saw the David Bowie movie "The Man Who Fell to Earth" - I sometimes feel we're all in that scene in which he's watching a huge wall of TV monitors, each one tuned to a different channel, and suddenly, he can't take it anymore, and he starts yelling, "Get out of my mind, all of you!" Bet you didn't expect a David Bowie reference today. (Laughter) Perhaps never before have so many consumed so much news and yet have been so woefully misinformed. When, in this swirling chaos, can we be certain the information we need or want to know is accurate? The internet is an abyss as well as a wonderland. It mirrors the darkest dark in us and the brightest light of humanity and all there is in between. And because of it, no matter what comes next in journalism, there now seems no doubt that you and me and every one of us must become a better editor. So here, from one journalist's playbook, are some tried and true strategies that might up your game. Focus on defense and develop a skill for listening to both sides of a story even if it pains you. Realize - (Applause) Realize virtually every source wants a story told as he or she sees it. That means even seemingly good, honest people can tell you just the facts that support their point of view, sometimes leaving out key details. They might even distort the facts, purposely misdirect you or even out-and-out lie. Ask yourself, "What's the motivating force for this source to tell the story?" And could that motivation be influencing the story that you're getting? Then ask, "Is this source in a position, having been an eyewitness or having some expertise, to even know what is true?" Or is he or she wasting your time with speculation? And because even eyewitnesses and experts can get it wrong, you have to seek out sources from other points of view and then critically examine their motivations and credibility as well. Rarely is the truth one-sided; it tends to be nuanced. (Applause) And it's not always fair. But you may never find it unless you search fairly, with a mind that is truly open. And then, even if you think you have a balanced view of the story, you have to reexamine the facts and motivations and reputations of your sources one more time to make sure you weren't played or manipulated. And if your sources are anonymous, you better check and double check again. It is exhausting, but after this Sherlock Holmes-ing, you usually get the facts that people need to know to make up their own minds. This is Journalism 101, how we're trained in journalism schools to work in defense of truth. Why are even long-trusted news organizations that know how to gather the facts vulnerable to attacks on their credibility? Journalism tends to be vulnerable because of the enormous power of credible information. When we believe the same story, we can find a common purpose and work together. This is what has made humans an unstoppable force throughout our history. The historian Yuval Harari suggests this is why we are the only human species to survive when once there were at least six and why we've risen from the middle of the animal kingdom, once huddled around fires in fear of being eaten, to now the top, having the power to decide what species live or die, and how we ourselves will evolve from here. This power to move people is why everyone wants to control the narrative, why truth is fought over and is the victim, usually the first victim, especially in war. It's why journalists, as messengers of truth, are physically attacked in some parts of the world and even killed. At the same time, unfortunately, journalism is not like mathematics, in which two plus two is always four. Journalism is by humans, about humans and for humans and so is inherently as fallible as humans and as vulnerable to criticism. Add to that, the job is to ask prying questions, to push past the norms of good manners for honest answers, and then to race to report stories that can be controversial, embarrassing or infuriating. If you want to be popular, don't be a journalist. (Laughter) Of course, it doesn't help journalism's credibility when it's under constant attack by political leaders in the United States and around the world. (Applause) It doesn't help that emerging technologies have eliminated or diminished hundreds of local newspapers around the country and have failed, so far, to replace them with anything close to the same quality and range of credible reporting. (Applause) But perhaps what is making journalism most vulnerable is that in this industry shift, some media executives, struggling to keep making money for their corporate owners, are pressuring journalists to make choices that weaken their credibility. The pressure for profits is one reason we have witnessed the stunning growth of openly biased news coverage, especially on cable television, where not everyone who is telling us the news is actually a journalist. Some are advocates with political agendas, some are activists, some are former political operatives, and some are what were once called "opinionaters," people whose profession is to give their opinions and theories. So now I'm the one yelling at the television set: "Just give me the facts! Stop trying to tell us what to think!" (Applause) Opinion, thoughtful and supported with facts, has an important place in journalism, but it is not news. Thus, allowing viewers to think it's news, to fail to differentiate it, is fundamentally dishonest. News is not left or right; it's based on facts that are either right or wrong. (Applause) And for the record, ranting from any point of view is not journalism. Besides, it has serious side effects: it makes you look a little nuts. (Laughter) In the quest for profits, corporate owners are punching holes through the long-standing wall protecting journalists from corporate meddling. In some companies, the wall is crumbling. I have heard a request from corporate executives to kill a news story. I have seen a media company's advertising side try to get products placed in a news broadcast. In some companies, the wall appears to be collapsing. Recently, the nation's largest broadcaster, Sinclair Broadcasting Group, which owns and operates more than 190 stations, engaged in corporate manipulation when it required dozens of anchors to read a script the company had provided. The push for profits is also pressuring journalists to muddy their judgment with worries about reaching clicks, ratings and circulation goals. This can affect the decisions they make about what stories to cover, what interviews to do and how headlines and teasers should be written. The public is not stupid. It can sense these motives in the work and the hype. It knows the truth is in trouble. How do we make things right and defend our access to accurate, verifiable reporting, which according to our nation's Founding Fathers, our democracy needs to survive? We need a renaissance in journalism. (Applause) And it is actually possible that it is already beginning. We can see some of our nation's newspapers and magazines, in spite of everything, leading a rebirth, doubling down on serious, competitive and groundbreaking shoe-leather journalism, working to tell all the nuances of the stories they're covering, including both domestic and foreign. Our citizens are awakening to the reasons journalism is vital in a democracy. They're reminded by the movies "Spotlight" and "The Post," and they're increasingly demanding and supporting quality work, and in some cases, they are even donating to the Committee to Protect Journalists. And journalists can be seen increasingly standing up to corporate pressures, including at the Denver Post and at Sinclair TV stations. They're also pushing across platforms to do smarter and more impactful reporting and balanced stories. And in some newsrooms, editors are reviving investigative reporting. (Applause) Credibility lost is never fully regained. But what survives can be protected, and new bridges can be built by the journalists still to come. For that to happen, for news organizations to better endure attacks on their credibility, journalists must be able to work with one motive: the public good. Corporate owners and executives must know how to stay in their lane and out of influencing what and how stories are covered. Investors and advertisers will need to stop pressuring journalists to be their pot of gold and do what's right for this country: fund excellence and get out of the way. Editors and executive producers will have to fight harder against the blurring between opinion and news until all the stories we need to know, not just the ones or the one that might increase ratings and clicks. (Applause) Technologists should realize they are not journalists; they are platform creators and owners

Frequently Occurring Word Combinations

ngrams of length 2

collocation	frequency
news organizations	3
pressuring journalists	3
public good	2
objective facts	2
david bowie	2
double check	2
corporate owners	2
executive producers	2

Important Words

ability
absolute
abyss
access
accurate
activists
add
advertisers
advertising
advocates
affect
afternoon
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allowing
america
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biblical
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bowie
boy
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confusion
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conservative
constant
consumed
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controversial
core
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cronkite
crumbling
dad
danger
dark
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data
daughter
david
day
debate
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decisions
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deeply
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define
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democracy
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dependably
details
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die
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dinner
dishonest
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distort
distrust
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domestic
donating
double
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doubt
doubted
dozens
easily
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editor
editors
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embarrassing
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emotion
empathy
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quality
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sinclair
single
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yuval