TedTest

From the Ted Talk by Krishna Sudhir: What happens during a heart attack?

Unscramble the Blue Letters

Approximately 7 million people around the world die from heart atcakts every year, and cardiovascular disease, which causes heart attacks and other prelmobs like strokes, is the world's laiedng killer. So what causes a heart attack? Like all muscles, the heart needs oxygen, and during a heart attack, it can't get enough. Fatty deposits, or pueqlas, dolveep on the walls of our coronary arteries. Those are the velesss that supply oxygenated boold to the heart. These plaques grow as we age, sometimes getting chunky, hardened, or enflamed. Eventually, the plaques can turn into blockages. If one of the plaques ruptures or cracks, a blood clot will form around it in minutes, and a partially closed artery can become completely blocked. Blood flow is cut off to the cardiac mlscue and the oxygen-starved cells start to die within several minutes. This is a myocardial infarction, or heart attack. Things can rapidly deteriorate in the absence of treatment. The ijneurd muscle may not be able to pump blood as well, and its rhythm might be thrown off. In the worst case scenario, a heart attack can cause sudden death. And how do you know that someone is having a heart attack? The most common symptom is chest pain caused by the oxygen-deprived heart muscle. Patients dbiesrce it as crushing or vice-like. It can radiate to the left arm, jaw, back, or abdomen. But it's not always as sudden and dramatic as it is in the movies. Some people erenecixpe nausea or shortness of breath. somtmyps may be less prominent in women and the elderly. For them, weskeans and tiredness may be the main sgnail. And surprisingly, in many people, especially those with diabetes, which affects the nerves that carry pain, a heart aacttk may be silent. If you think that someone might be having a heart attack, the most important thing is to respond qckluiy. If you have access to emergency mdeiacl services, call them. They're the fastest way to get to a hsiaptol. Taking aspirin, which thins the blood, and nitroglycerin, which opens up the artery, can help keep the heart attack from getting wrose. In the emergency room, doctors can diagnose a heart attack. They commonly use an electrocardiogram to msreuae the heart's eatrlcicel activity and a blood test to assess heart muscle damage. The patient is then taken to a high-tech cardiac stuie where tests are done to locate the blockages. Cardiologists can reopen the blocked artery by inflating it with a balloon in a procedure called an angioplasty. Frequently, they also insert a meatl or polymer sentt that will hold the artery open. More extensive blockages might require coronary artery bypass surgery. Using a piece of vein or artery from another part of the body, heart surgeons can reroute blood flow around the blkgacoe. These prodceuers reestablish cartociuiln to the cardiac muscle, rtroesing heart ftucnoin. Heart attack tratmenet is aicnvnadg, but prevention is vital. Genetics and lifestyle factors both afefct your risk. And the good news is that you can change your lifestyle. Exercise, a healthy diet, and weight loss all lower the risk of heart attacks, whether you've had one before or not. Doctors recommend exercising a few times a week, doing both aerobic activity and stergnth training. A heart-healthy diet is low in sugar and saturated fats, which are both linked to haert disease. So what should you eat? Lots of fiber from vegetables, chicken and fish instead of red meat, whole grains and nuts like walnuts and adomlns all seem to be beneficial. A good diet and exercise plan can also keep your weight in a healthy range, which will lower your heart attack risk as well. And of course, medications can also help prevent heart attacks. Doctors often prescribe low-dose aspirin, for example, particularly for patients who've already had a heart attack and for those known to be at high risk. And drugs that help manage risk factors, like high blood pressure, cotelrhesol, and dieebats, will make heart attacks less likely, too. Heart attacks may be common, but they don't have to be inevitable. A healthy diet, avoiding tcocabo use, staying fit, and enjoying plenty of seelp and lots of laughter all go a long way in making sure your body's most important muscle keeps on beating.

Open Cloze

Approximately 7 million people around the world die from heart _______ every year, and cardiovascular disease, which causes heart attacks and other ________ like strokes, is the world's _______ killer. So what causes a heart attack? Like all muscles, the heart needs oxygen, and during a heart attack, it can't get enough. Fatty deposits, or _______, _______ on the walls of our coronary arteries. Those are the _______ that supply oxygenated _____ to the heart. These plaques grow as we age, sometimes getting chunky, hardened, or enflamed. Eventually, the plaques can turn into blockages. If one of the plaques ruptures or cracks, a blood clot will form around it in minutes, and a partially closed artery can become completely blocked. Blood flow is cut off to the cardiac ______ and the oxygen-starved cells start to die within several minutes. This is a myocardial infarction, or heart attack. Things can rapidly deteriorate in the absence of treatment. The _______ muscle may not be able to pump blood as well, and its rhythm might be thrown off. In the worst case scenario, a heart attack can cause sudden death. And how do you know that someone is having a heart attack? The most common symptom is chest pain caused by the oxygen-deprived heart muscle. Patients ________ it as crushing or vice-like. It can radiate to the left arm, jaw, back, or abdomen. But it's not always as sudden and dramatic as it is in the movies. Some people __________ nausea or shortness of breath. ________ may be less prominent in women and the elderly. For them, ________ and tiredness may be the main ______. And surprisingly, in many people, especially those with diabetes, which affects the nerves that carry pain, a heart ______ may be silent. If you think that someone might be having a heart attack, the most important thing is to respond _______. If you have access to emergency _______ services, call them. They're the fastest way to get to a ________. Taking aspirin, which thins the blood, and nitroglycerin, which opens up the artery, can help keep the heart attack from getting _____. In the emergency room, doctors can diagnose a heart attack. They commonly use an electrocardiogram to _______ the heart's __________ activity and a blood test to assess heart muscle damage. The patient is then taken to a high-tech cardiac _____ where tests are done to locate the blockages. Cardiologists can reopen the blocked artery by inflating it with a balloon in a procedure called an angioplasty. Frequently, they also insert a _____ or polymer _____ that will hold the artery open. More extensive blockages might require coronary artery bypass surgery. Using a piece of vein or artery from another part of the body, heart surgeons can reroute blood flow around the ________. These __________ reestablish ___________ to the cardiac muscle, _________ heart ________. Heart attack _________ is _________, but prevention is vital. Genetics and lifestyle factors both ______ your risk. And the good news is that you can change your lifestyle. Exercise, a healthy diet, and weight loss all lower the risk of heart attacks, whether you've had one before or not. Doctors recommend exercising a few times a week, doing both aerobic activity and ________ training. A heart-healthy diet is low in sugar and saturated fats, which are both linked to _____ disease. So what should you eat? Lots of fiber from vegetables, chicken and fish instead of red meat, whole grains and nuts like walnuts and _______ all seem to be beneficial. A good diet and exercise plan can also keep your weight in a healthy range, which will lower your heart attack risk as well. And of course, medications can also help prevent heart attacks. Doctors often prescribe low-dose aspirin, for example, particularly for patients who've already had a heart attack and for those known to be at high risk. And drugs that help manage risk factors, like high blood pressure, ___________, and ________, will make heart attacks less likely, too. Heart attacks may be common, but they don't have to be inevitable. A healthy diet, avoiding _______ use, staying fit, and enjoying plenty of _____ and lots of laughter all go a long way in making sure your body's most important muscle keeps on beating.

Solution

advancing
stent
weakness
hospital
symptoms
describe
sleep
metal
worse
function
suite
cholesterol
attacks
quickly
measure
heart
plaques
vessels
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strength
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tobacco
attack
circulation
almonds
experience
blood
injured
treatment
diabetes
problems
electrical
leading
medical
develop
affect
restoring
signal
muscle

Original Text

Approximately 7 million people around the world die from heart attacks every year, and cardiovascular disease, which causes heart attacks and other problems like strokes, is the world's leading killer. So what causes a heart attack? Like all muscles, the heart needs oxygen, and during a heart attack, it can't get enough. Fatty deposits, or plaques, develop on the walls of our coronary arteries. Those are the vessels that supply oxygenated blood to the heart. These plaques grow as we age, sometimes getting chunky, hardened, or enflamed. Eventually, the plaques can turn into blockages. If one of the plaques ruptures or cracks, a blood clot will form around it in minutes, and a partially closed artery can become completely blocked. Blood flow is cut off to the cardiac muscle and the oxygen-starved cells start to die within several minutes. This is a myocardial infarction, or heart attack. Things can rapidly deteriorate in the absence of treatment. The injured muscle may not be able to pump blood as well, and its rhythm might be thrown off. In the worst case scenario, a heart attack can cause sudden death. And how do you know that someone is having a heart attack? The most common symptom is chest pain caused by the oxygen-deprived heart muscle. Patients describe it as crushing or vice-like. It can radiate to the left arm, jaw, back, or abdomen. But it's not always as sudden and dramatic as it is in the movies. Some people experience nausea or shortness of breath. Symptoms may be less prominent in women and the elderly. For them, weakness and tiredness may be the main signal. And surprisingly, in many people, especially those with diabetes, which affects the nerves that carry pain, a heart attack may be silent. If you think that someone might be having a heart attack, the most important thing is to respond quickly. If you have access to emergency medical services, call them. They're the fastest way to get to a hospital. Taking aspirin, which thins the blood, and nitroglycerin, which opens up the artery, can help keep the heart attack from getting worse. In the emergency room, doctors can diagnose a heart attack. They commonly use an electrocardiogram to measure the heart's electrical activity and a blood test to assess heart muscle damage. The patient is then taken to a high-tech cardiac suite where tests are done to locate the blockages. Cardiologists can reopen the blocked artery by inflating it with a balloon in a procedure called an angioplasty. Frequently, they also insert a metal or polymer stent that will hold the artery open. More extensive blockages might require coronary artery bypass surgery. Using a piece of vein or artery from another part of the body, heart surgeons can reroute blood flow around the blockage. These procedures reestablish circulation to the cardiac muscle, restoring heart function. Heart attack treatment is advancing, but prevention is vital. Genetics and lifestyle factors both affect your risk. And the good news is that you can change your lifestyle. Exercise, a healthy diet, and weight loss all lower the risk of heart attacks, whether you've had one before or not. Doctors recommend exercising a few times a week, doing both aerobic activity and strength training. A heart-healthy diet is low in sugar and saturated fats, which are both linked to heart disease. So what should you eat? Lots of fiber from vegetables, chicken and fish instead of red meat, whole grains and nuts like walnuts and almonds all seem to be beneficial. A good diet and exercise plan can also keep your weight in a healthy range, which will lower your heart attack risk as well. And of course, medications can also help prevent heart attacks. Doctors often prescribe low-dose aspirin, for example, particularly for patients who've already had a heart attack and for those known to be at high risk. And drugs that help manage risk factors, like high blood pressure, cholesterol, and diabetes, will make heart attacks less likely, too. Heart attacks may be common, but they don't have to be inevitable. A healthy diet, avoiding tobacco use, staying fit, and enjoying plenty of sleep and lots of laughter all go a long way in making sure your body's most important muscle keeps on beating.

Frequently Occurring Word Combinations

ngrams of length 2

collocation	frequency
heart attack	8
heart attacks	5
blood flow	2
heart muscle	2

Important Words

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